See contention on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bone of contention"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "contentional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "contention system"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "in contention"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "noncontention"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "point of contention"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "resource contention"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "contencion"
},
"expansion": "Middle English contencion",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "contencion"
},
"expansion": "Old French contencion",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "contentio",
"4": "contentio, contentionem"
},
"expansion": "Latin contentio, contentionem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "contend",
"3": "tion"
},
"expansion": "contend + -tion",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English contencion, borrowed from Old French contencion, from Latin contentio, contentionem, from contendō (past participle contentus); equivalent to contend + -tion (similar formation to attention).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "contentions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "contention (countable and uncountable, plural contentions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"con",
"ten",
"tion"
]
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "resource contention"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "18 40 42",
"sense": "Related terms of contention",
"word": "contend"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 40 42",
"sense": "Related terms of contention",
"word": "contender"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 40 42",
"sense": "Related terms of contention",
"word": "contentious"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 40 42",
"sense": "Related terms of contention",
"word": "contentiousness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Argument, contest, debate, strife, struggle."
],
"id": "en-contention-en-noun-ATVTeGaX",
"links": [
[
"Argument",
"argument"
],
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"debate",
"debate"
],
[
"strife",
"strife"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "jidāl",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جِدَال"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "săstezánie",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "състеза́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sărevnovánie",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "съревнова́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "spor",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "спор"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "disputa"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discòrdia"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "litigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soutěž"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "soupeření"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "soutěžení"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "strid"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "uenighed"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strijd"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruzie"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "väite"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "väittely"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dispute"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discorde"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "litige"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ḳamati",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "კამათი"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Streit"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amarrán"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dréim"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
],
"word": "bágh"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coimhlint"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caismirt"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conspóid"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "xebat",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "خەبات"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "taukumekume"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strid"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contencion"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contèsta"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "litigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contenção"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contenda"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dispută"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discordie"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "litigiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "spor",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "спор"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "razdór",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "раздо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceallach"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contienda"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contención"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "contencioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bråk"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dispyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dust"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gräl"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "träta"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tvist"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tvistighet"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "anlaşmazlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "atışma"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "kavga"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "münakaşa"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "tartışma"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "uyuşmazlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "nizaʿ",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "نزاع"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 18 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "çekiş",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "چكیش"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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{
"_dis": "14 60 27",
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"text": "It is my contention that state lotteries are taxes on stupid people.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
94
]
],
"ref": "1978 [1976], Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P[aul] S[teven] Falla, Main Currents of Marxism, volume II: The Golden Age, Oxford: Clarendon Press, translation of Główne nurty marksizmu: rozwój (in Polish), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 181:",
"text": "The multiplicity of moral opinions is an empirical fact and does not invalidate the contention that there is only one morality par excellence.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A point maintained in an argument, or a line of argument taken in its support; the subject matter of discussion of strife; a position taken or contended for."
],
"id": "en-contention-en-noun-cRdbBB9v",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 78 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "posició"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 78 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tvrzení"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 78 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "názor"
},
{
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],
"word": "litigi"
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{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"word": "soutěž"
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{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
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{
"code": "cs",
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{
"code": "da",
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"common-gender"
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{
"code": "da",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"common-gender"
],
"word": "uenighed"
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{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"masculine"
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"word": "strijd"
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{
"code": "nl",
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"word": "ruzie"
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{
"code": "fi",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "väite"
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{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "väittely"
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{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"word": "dispute"
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{
"code": "fr",
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{
"code": "fr",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ḳamati",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "კამათი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Streit"
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{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "amarrán"
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{
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "dréim"
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{
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"literary"
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{
"code": "ga",
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{
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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],
"word": "caismirt"
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{
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "conspóid"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "xebat",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "خەبات"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "taukumekume"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "krangel"
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{
"code": "no",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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],
"word": "strid"
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{
"code": "oc",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "contencion"
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{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contèsta"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "litigi"
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{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contenção"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "contenda"
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{
"code": "ro",
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"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "dispută"
},
{
"code": "ro",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "discordie"
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{
"code": "ro",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"word": "litigiu"
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"code": "ru",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "спор"
},
{
"code": "ru",
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],
"word": "раздо́р"
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{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "ceallach"
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{
"code": "es",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "contienda"
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{
"code": "es",
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],
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{
"code": "es",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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],
"word": "contencioso"
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{
"code": "sv",
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{
"code": "sv",
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"word": "dust"
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{
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"word": "gräl"
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"code": "sv",
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"code": "sv",
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"code": "sv",
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"word": "tvistighet"
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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{
"code": "tr",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"code": "tr",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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{
"code": "tr",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
"word": "münakaşa"
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{
"code": "tr",
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"sense": "contest, strife, struggle",
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"code": "ota",
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{
"code": "ota",
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{
"code": "ca",
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"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
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"feminine"
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"word": "posició"
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{
"code": "cs",
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"word": "tvrzení"
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{
"code": "cs",
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{
"code": "cs",
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"common-gender"
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"word": "påstand"
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"code": "nl",
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"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bewering"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
"word": "kanta"
},
{
"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "Behauptung"
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{
"code": "no",
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"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
"word": "påstand"
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"code": "ru",
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"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pozícija",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "пози́ция"
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{
"code": "tr",
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"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
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{
"code": "tr",
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"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "point maintained in an argument",
"word": "sav"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(computing, telecommunications) Competition for a limited resource.",
"word": "kilpavaraus"
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"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"dispute; quarrel; disagreement"
],
"links": [
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
],
[
"disagreement",
"disagreement"
]
]
}
],
"word": "contention"
}
Download raw JSONL data for contention meaning in All languages combined (23.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'contention oblique singular or', originally 'contention oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"contention"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "contention",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'contention oblique singular or', originally 'contention oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"contention"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "contention",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'contention oblique singular or' in 'contention oblique singular, f (oblique plural contentions, nominative singular contention, nominative plural contentions)'",
"path": [
"contention"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "contention",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.